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Fluid Mechanics The problem is that fluid mechanics typically requires more than one physical property to be understood, and hence the models used in fluid mechanics are often multi-dimensional. With modern computing power, however, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become increasingly more capable of simulating the behavior of fluids. This can lead to significant breakthroughs in areas such as aircraft design and chemical engineering, with the potential for new sources of energy. Additionally, CFD methods can be used in structural analysis or seismic exploration to simulate real-world situations without having to build physical prototypes. Fluids are ideal candidates for computational simulation because fluids flow nonlinearly over irregular surfaces by virtue of their viscosity and surface tension. Fluid mechanics is an area of study that is essential to most fields of science. It focuses on how fluids interact with their surrounding environments, including the forces they exert on one another. Unlike solid bodies, which can be easily analyzed with mathematical equations, fluids are less predictable; they display chaotic movement that cannot be predicted with traditional models. This leads to an increase in experimentation and testing methods in comparison to solid materials like steel or concrete. The physics of fluid flow (or fluid mechanics) refers mainly to the description of fluid motion. Flow physics is also concerned with physical principles needed for fluid flows, such as thermodynamics, hydrodynamics and aerodynamics. The study of fluid motion is split into two main branches: incompressible and compressible flow. Fluid mechanics encompasses the physics of gases, liquids, and mineral suspensions. While air is one of the most studied fluids, it is not usually considered to be a fluid. "Fluids" are surfaces that are significantly affected by external forces, whereas "gas" refers to any gas that has no significant forces affecting its behavior. Fluids are characterized by viscosity. This is a measure of how hard it is to change the speed of a fluid. Gas viscosity is typically expressed in terms of viscosity units, where one unit represents the force necessary to accelerate a moving object with an area equal to that of the fluid's cross sectional area one meter per second per second. A gas with higher viscosity units will be harder to accelerate than a gas with lower units. Conversely, liquids do not have any inherent viscosity units because they are able to freely move around an object placed in their path without resistance. Fluids are also characterized by compressibility which determines the rate at which flow speed changes when external forces are applied to them. The rate at which a fluid changes speeds depends on the method it is measured. The two most common methods are dynamic viscosity and gauge pressure. In order to increase flow speed, a force is applied to the fluid. If the applied force exceeds the internal friction for a gas, it will begin to flow until an equal force is applied from elsewhere. However, if the applied force is insufficient to overcome the internal friction of a liquid, very little change in velocity occurs. A gauge pressure can be used to measure this effect. By measuring pressure differences across the width of fluid containers with different thicknesses, which are compared with each other, one can determine how much drag there is on the fluid at different speeds without physically measuring drag forces themselves. cfa1e77820